Nutrition in Residential Care Settings

Nutrition in Residential Care Settings Health, Wellness and Nutrition Introduction In this assignment, I will discuss various aspects of nutrition in a Residential Care setting. I will look at the opportunities and challenges a social care worker has in addressing the holistic and nutritional needs of the clients and staff. I will look at some of special dietary considerations and the social factors that are involved in a residential care setting. Residential Care Residential Care is an alternative care for young people whose family are unable to care for them. These centres are managed by the Family Support Agency, now Tulsia, or by a voluntary or private Company. There are usually between two and six young people living in each house. In 2013, there were 321 children in residential centres. (www.dcya.gov.ie) The children who live in residential care deserve the very best care that social care workers can provide. To achieve this, their nutritional needs have to be met to ensure that each person can reach their full potential. Social care workers have a duty to look after and provide good wholesome food at the centre. Food is an important part of everyone’s life therefore social care workers need to support children in residential care to make healthy choices and give them practical skills and knowledge to enable them to make the right choices for their health and wellbeing.( Caroline walker Trust) The food pyramid is the recommended guide that is use in Ireland. Foods are divided into different parts in the pyramid to show the recommended intake of each food group. It states that you should eat Plenty of bread, rice pasta and other starchy foods preferably wholegrain varieties with six or more servings for all ages. Although men and boys may eat up to twelve servings depending on how active they are. Plenty of fruit and vegetables, at least six or more portions Three servings of milk, cheese or yoghurt. Children and teenagers will need more. Some meat, fish, eggs beans, pulses, and other non-sources of protein. Two servings is sufficient. Very small amounts of fats and oil. A very small amount or none of foods or drinks that is high in sugar.( Safe food.) A report published in England by Save the Children in 1998, Look Ahead: Young people in Residential Care and Food stated that, many young people who had left residential care were unequipped to live independently. For example, they did not have the skills to shop and cook and this led to unhealthy lives. Young people who had left the service said that they did not learn enough food skills. Less than half of the young people said they had never helped to prepare a meal most of the actives they had taken part in involved setting the tables, washing up or peeling the vegetables. Less than a third said they had a role in the menu planning. The study also showed that a major barrier in residential care was the Health and Safety regulations that excluded young people from the kitchen. (eatingwellchildren2001pdf) Special Dietary Considerations Children and young people need the right balance of food and nutrients to enjoy a healthy life. The key is to get the balance right, to provide essentianal vitamins, minerals, protein and fibre into the diet. If there are insufficient nutrients in the diet, this can lead to diseases and bad health. Childhood obesity has increased over the past few years. Obesity affects children in a number of ways including physical mental and emotional wellbeing. If it continues into adult life, it can have serious affects on health such as diabetes, heart disease stroke and some types of cancers. section 3 nutrition guidance scotish download. Putting into practise a healthy eating plan in a residential care setting, needs to be approached in a sensitive way. It may take time for young people, to adopt a healthier eating plan and to feel comfortable eating in a group. Some young people may choose eat a vegetarian diet. The staff must ensure that this type of diet is varied as much as possible to make sure that good sources of iron, zinc, protein and calcium are included in their diet. Some children in residential care may have a food intolerance or food allergy, which is a reaction to a food or ingredient. Some foods can cause a severe allergic reaction (anaphylactic shock) to such food as peanuts, shellfish or eggs. This should be highlighted in the child’s care plan. Anaphylaxis is the most serious type of allergic reaction and you could die without the proper medical intervention. Although food is the most common allergic reaction insect stings and sometimes exercise can cause anaphylactic shock. The symptoms usually occur within minutes but it can also take a few hours after exposure. As social care workers, it is crucial to be aware of the signs and symptoms as it can happen to anyone at any time. ( www.anaphylaxis.ca) Unlike this serious life threatening allergy are those who suffer from celiac disease. This disease causes the person to react to gluten which is the protein found in wheat. People with celiac disease have an intolerance to wheat products such as bread, cakes, and biscuits. It causes damage to the lining of the small intestine and thus prevents the absorption of nutrients. The only way to manage celiac disease is to avoid all foods that contain gluten to prevent further damage. (Celiac society of Ireland) Diabetes like celiac disease is also an autoimmune condition that results in the body unable to burn up sugar (glucose) properly. This happens when the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin a natural hormone that regulates blood sugar level. Insulin helps the sugar in the blood enter the cells of thee organs in the body. Without this process to much sugar would build up in the blood. As a result, this can cause faintness weakness and coma. There are two types of Diabetes; Type 1 Diabetes occurs mostly in children and young people. It requires the person to take insulin injections as well as a healthy nutritious diet and exercise. In the residential centre, the staff would have to monitor the person’s diet to make sure that the amount of insulin is carefully balanced against the food that supplies the sugar and the amount of excise that is burning off the sugar. Type 2 Diabetes is on the rise and it is generally seen in older adults. It can be kept under control with a good healthy diet usually there is no need for insulin but some people need to take tablets. (Kirkpatrick, 2004) Social factors Mealtimes are an important part of our culture. It is where children learn about behaviour and develop new skills. It also offers a sense of belonging. Children in residential care may never have experienced this with their own family. Mealtimes should be an enjoyable experience where staff and children can share stories. When planning a meal it is important to take every person likes and dislikes into consideration. Children who have special diets or those who are vegetarian need a variety of suitable nutritious food. Child care (Placement of Children in Residential Care) Regulations, 1995, Part 111, Article 11. www.dcya.gov.ie xxxxxxxxxxput in It is important to build good relationships between staff and children. The care workers ought to look for the views of the children around food and food-related issues. This should be a fundamental part of day-to-day activities at the centre. Social care workers at residential centres have an opportunity to improve children’s experience and health and wellbeing in areas of food practise. It is important for staff to adopt a healthy eating plan, as this will serve as a good example to the children. Children need to develop practical skills around budgeting, buying, preparing and cooking of food as this will prepare them for when the leave the centre. www.Scotland. Gov.uk. Food can work as powerful symbolic medium where thoughts, feelings, and relationships are played out and it can be a useful tool for children who have experienced neglect. Through food, children can experience consistency and nurture and develop autonomy with a sense of control. It can demonstrate trust and care. Food is a simple way for a social care worker to monitor the ethos and the culture of the centre. By reflecting on the food practices and attitudes towards food, you can see how your centre is doing in many ways. Reflection I have found this module both interesting and challenging. I did not realise how complex and intense it would be. I have really enjoyed learning about nutrition and I have integrated this new knowledge into my family life. It has changed the way I look at food. I would also like to do a course on nutrition, as it is such an important aspect of overall health and wellbeing. I have a good understanding now on infections and diseases, which is so important to social care practise and in my own personal life. The subject that has had the most impact on was the subject of child abuse. I found it very informative and very challenging. This subject has really opened my eyes to the realness of the work that is involved in social care practise. I feel this module is central to social care practise and it has prepared me for social work. I have gained practical every day skills that I will require, to work as a social care worker.

American colonies in 1763 †A new Society? Essay

Between the settlement at Jamestown in 1607 and the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the most important change that occurred in the colonies was the extension of British ideals far beyond the practice in England itself. Changes in religion, economics, politics, and social structures illustrate this Americanization of the transplanted Europeans. By 1736, although some colonies still maintained established churches, other colonies had accomplished a virtual revolution for religious toleration and separation from Church and state. In England, the Anglican Church was dominated and the other churches were suppressed. However, in colonial America, people tried to separate the church and state. One of the examples is Roger Williams, who attacked theocracy in New England. He wanted the church to be separated from the state. He was banished from the Massachusetts Bay and he built a new colony, Rhode Island with religious freedom. The other example would be the Maryland Toleration Act in which, all kind of people with different faiths could live in Maryland. The other colonies such as Pennsylvania, New York, and Carolina all had ethnically and religiously diverse populations. In a similar economic revolution, the colonies outgrew mercantile relationship with the mother country and developed an expanding capitalist system of their own. In 1660 and 1663, England passed the Navigation Acts to monopolize the trade of the English colonies. The colonies produced far more than England needed but they were not allowed to sell to other countries. Rather, England would acquire the extra products and sell them to other European countries for their own profits, which was not fair. American colonists worked very hard, they harvested the land, and sea, did manufacturing and commerce, industrialization, and plantation agriculture. Despite all of the injustices of England, their economy grew twice as fast as it did in England. Building on English foundations of political liberty, the colonists extended the concepts of liberty and self-government far beyond those envisioned in the mother country. England’s government was based on the Constitutional Monarchy, which was limited after the Glorious Revolution and Parliament got  more power. However, in America, the governments were much more different than in the mother country. The governors in American colonies were trying to retain a royal image, but the legislatures followed England’s example of a limited monarchy to control these leaders. The colonies had their separate and self-government, which were well organized at the time British tried to enforce its power in America. The Confederation of New England, an intercolonial political organization established by Puritans in 1643 to coordinate government and to provide greater defense against the French, Dutch, and Indians could be a very good example of self-government. The other example would be the yearly town meeting of citizens of New England villages, which selected village officials and settled village business. As a result of this self-reliance, these colonial governments were able to fuel the later American Revolution. In contrast to the well-defined and hereditary classes of England, the colonies developed a fluid class structure, which enabled the industrious individual to rise on the social ladder. The social classes in England had always been constant or in other words fixed. If you were a member of the middle class, you could never become a member of aristocrats, the upper class. Comparing to the colonial America, the social structure was fluid in which, a lower class member could become an aristocrat by getting wealthier and working hard. Another comparison can be made between England and her colonies in the way of suffrage. In the North American English colonies, most white males would be allowed to vote by age forty. Voting rights were usually reserved for those who owned a certain amount of land. In England, however only one-third of men would ever vote. The figure dropped to nine-tenths in Ireland. In conclusions, the colonies in 1763 had changed dramatically in many aspects from those of the mother country, England. Religiously, economically, politically, and socially, the colonial people had changed and even improved on the old English ways. The treaty of Paris (resulting form the end of the French and Indian War in 1763) ended all foreign threats to English colonies in North America, elimination the colonies’ need for British protection and increasing the self-reliance.

Top How to Right an Essay about Yourself Tips!

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Children Benefit More From A High Quality Full Day Pre K...

Thesis Statement: Children benefit more from a high quality full-day pre-k program because their daily attendance rate is better than average and have reduced chronic absences, their social-emotional development is better, and their achievement scores in language and math are higher than their peers who attend a half-day or no pre-k program. 1) Introduction a) Provide some background on academic and social achievements through early childhood education. b) Provide a definition of what a â€Å"high quality† preschool program consists of and why that is important. i) A â€Å"high-quality† preschool program is curriculum based with certified teachers and a low child to teacher ratio (Robin, Frede, Barnett, 2006, p. 1) c) Give a little bit of information on why a full-day preschool program would be more beneficial than a half-day program. i) Lawrence J. Schweinhart, Ph.D. ( 2014), states that results support full-day programs contribute more to children’s development than half-day programs because of the longer duration and if they are of higher quality. d) Children benefit more from a high quality full-day pre-k program because their average daily attendance rate is better than average and have reduced chronic absences, their social-emotional development is better, and their achievement scores in language and math are higher than their peers’ who attend a half-day or no pre-k program. 2) Higher Attendance Rates a) When children attend a full-day program, their attendance is better andShow MoreRelatedThe North Carolina Pre K Program Requirements1471 Words   |  6 PagesThe North Carolina Pre-Kindergarten Program, formerly known as More at Four, is geared towards bettering the lives for At-Risk 4-year-old children. Exposing children to an early learning experience that will promote a positive learning environment to ensure Kindergarten readiness is what drives the program. Upon arrival, each child is screened using the Brigance 4-year-old tool to assess and determine the child’s developmental skills and abilities. According to the text, â€Å"Classroom tests and assessmentsRead MoreThe Need For Universal All Day Pre Kindergarten1255 Words   |  6 PagesUniversal All Day Pre-Kindergarten in Texas Many Texans agree that high quality pre-k can no longer be considered a luxury for upper income families or a special program for the disadvantaged. Based on various studies conducted on children s brain development during these crucial years, pre-k has become just as necessary as kindergarten or first grade. Currently, nearly half of all kindergarten teachers report that their children have problems that hinder their success. Children unprepared forRead MorePre K For All By Mayor De Blasio Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesPre-K for All was initiated by Mayor de Blasio of New York City which started in January of 2014. During the NYC Mayoral election race of 2013, Bill de Blasio campaigned on a platform of closing the divides of racial and economic inequality. His foremost initiative was to expand access to free, full day, Pre-K to all 4-year-old New York City children under New York’s Universal Pre-K program. His goal was to increase the number of free full day program seats from the 19,287, in 2013-2014, to 53Read MoreThe Effects Of Pre Kindergarten Programs On Public Schools1705 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness leaders, and politicians all agree that high-quality early learning programs are a key factor in improving a child’s educational and social development for many yea rs to come. These stakeholders are aware that children need the appropriate intervention in order to make meaningful gains across a variety of domains and succeed successfully in their academic development and achievement. They are mindful that providing pre-kindergarten services to children who are at-risk for learning can have a positiveRead MoreEssay On Early Infant And Toddlers1451 Words   |  6 Pages2004). For teachers to stay invested in the children they teach and care for, they must be fairly compensated to maintain the high quality of care. According to a study in Massachusetts, 72 percent of typical full-time, full-year center expenditures go toward labor (Marshall, et al., 2004). In dollar amounts, â€Å"average expenditures per child care hour were $4.42 for centers serving infants and $4.28 for centers serving toddlers. 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Similar studies have also revealed that depending upon various factors; such as preschool quality, social class and race, educational boost can continue through K-12Read MorePreschool And Pre K Options1767 Words   |  8 PagesThere are numerous preschool or Pre-K options avail able for young children throughout the U.S. At this time only Georgia, Florida, Oklahoma have truly universal preschool for all four year olds as nearly half of states with state pre-K programs limit enrollment to just low-income children (Mead, 2015). â€Å"Under universal pre-K, not only would more children of all backgrounds have access to high-quality early childhood education, they would have the chance to learn in an effective type of preschool

Does The Environmental Kuznets Curve Exist - 1371 Words

Discussion piece: Does the Environmental Kuznets Curve exist? The case of carbon emissions in Indonesia, China, Australia, and United States. The Kuznets curve is firstly introduced in 1955 by Kuznets as an inverted-U relationship between income inequality and economic development. Later it is found that the Kuznets curve is useful for describing the relationship between environmental pressure and the economic growth or known as the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) (Dinda, 2004). The hypothesis of the EKC is that at early stages of a country’s development, the quality of its environment will be deteriorated faster and getting slow down at some level of income per capita that the economic growth support the increasing of environmental performance (Stern, 2004). The EKC applies differently between countries depend on the economic growth status of the country. This essay will discuss the different appearance of the EKC using the evidences from developing and developed countries. The EKC of developing countries will show the upward slope stage of the curve because of the countries’ focus on economic growth and l ess protection to the environment. Conversely, the developed countries will show the later downward slope stage of the EKC as their economic growth is already high and there is more attention for environmental protection. Figure 1 The Environmental Kuznets Curve Comparation of the EKC appearances between Indonesia, Australia, and United States The EKC of Indonesia,Show MoreRelatedAs the Economy Grows, the Environment Degrades Essay2806 Words   |  12 Pagesgrowth and environmental degradation expanded exponentially (Cole Neumayer, 2005; Stern, 2003; 2004). Most of this intellectual confabulation revolved around the Environmental Kuznets Curve, a hypothesis that argues that environmental degradation would increase during an early economic development phase, eventually reaching the ‘turning point’ where improvement in environmental conditions will begin. In other words, the graphical relationship between per capita income and environmental pollutionRead More It’s Time for a Supranational Sustainable Development Authority3228 Words   |  13 Pagesecosystems. Quite often, these two sides appear to face each other with opposing prescriptions for future world development.   The former argues for environmental protection and creation of a stable ecosystem; the latter supports jobs and increased development of   Third World countries.   Yet this false dichotomy between jobs and the environment need not exist.   The key is promotion of worldwide sustainable development, or development that â€Å"meets the needs of the present generation without compromisingRead MoreA Growing Number Of Studies Essay938 Words   |  4 Pagesin the developing countries exist even when households own improved cook stoves due to lack of knowledge about indoor air pollution, sanitation, and technology operations. Nepal et al. (2011) finds that the adoption of the improved firewood stove does not necessarily reduce firewood consumption pattern in Nepal. This may be because of the rebound effect (Bensch and Peters, 2013). The rebound effect refers to the sit uation where the use of traditional cooking fuels does not decrease as expected despiteRead MoreThe Incompatibility Between Economic Sustainability And Ecological Sustainability1714 Words   |  7 Pagessustainability and ecological sustainability is a contentious issue, specifically within the area of politics, technology, society, financial economies and environmental issues. When discussing such a matter the terms, sustainability, economic sustainability and ecological sustainability should be defined. Sustainability: the equality of environmental, social and economic necessities between today’s generation and tomorrow’s generation. Economic Sustainability: the employment of various strategies toRead MoreGrowing Number Of Studies ( Ã… ¸Ãƒ   ) Essay940 Words   |  4 Pageskitchens in the developing countries exists even when households own improved cook stoves due to lack of knowledge about indoor air pollution, sanitation and technology operations. Nepal et al. (2011) finds that the adoption of improved firewood stove does not necessarily reduce firewood consumption pattern in Nepal. This may be because of the rebound effect (Bensch and Peters, 2013). The rebound effect refers to the situation where the use of traditional cooking fuels does not decrease as expected despiteRead MoreChinas model7412 Words   |  30 Pagesinimical to China s best environmental and economic interests. This is so for three reasons: * If economic growth were to be slowed or stopped-and sustainable development is essentially concerned with putting boundaries around economic growth-it would be impossible to improve the environmental conditions of China; * The bias for central planning on the part of those endorsing the concept of sustainable development will only serve to make environmental protection more expensiveRead MoreWoolworths Limited Case Study5822 Words   |  23 Pagesretail technology improvements, and by enabling local charities to receive direct donations, in-kind support and facilitation of fundraising Environmentally In November 2007 we launched our Sustainability Strategy 2007-15, identifying our material environmental impacts, setting targets and commitments for improvement, and starting us on the pathway to change. (Woolworths 3 major investment in Australian and New Zealand communities summary) Woolworths has been applauded for taking the initiative andRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesleadership to effective global management. JONATHAN P. DOH is the Herbert G. Rammrath Chair in International Business, founding Director of the Center for Global Leadership, and Professor of Management at the Villanova School of Business. Jonathan teaches, does research, and serves as an executive instructor and consultant in the areas of international strategy and corporate responsibility. He is also Senior Associate at the Center for Strategic and International Studies and an occasional executive educator

Techniques of Comedy Free Essays

Alex Moreno Theater 208 Comedy: Techniques behind the Laughter Comedy is the genre of film that makes even the saddest times bearable and gained a lot of popularity in a time when people needed a boost. Comedy is a unique form of film in its wide range of methods, and in all of these methods there is at least some of a select group of approaches. The true magic that comedy has arises from these select few techniques, that, when used properly, will never fail to generate a laugh. We will write a custom essay sample on Techniques of Comedy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Comedy comes in a wide range of forms, all of which bring a laugh in different ways. There are however, a few specific categories of comedy which become classics. The most effective of these include; screwball, running gags, wit, set-up and punch line, and slap stick. While these are separate categories of comedy, they are very often used together or in other types, to successfully generate a laugh. The question is, what makes them work over and over, and the answer lies in common factors of each technique. An important factor in comedy is the script and use of dialogue. While dialogue is not equally important in all types of comedy, it is still a very effective tool in producing a great comedy. The dialogue must tie in fast pacing, wit, and comedy in order to keep an audience entertained, all while following the script in order to draw the audience in to the film, and keep them hooked. Great comedies always have exceptional dialogue that can make even the most ordinary scene, absolutely hilarious. When dialogue is used properly, it can be comedy in itself, or add to another joke. An example of this is when a main character makes a funny comment about the antagonist or another character. The actions of the other character may not be funny alone, but add some commentary and it becomes extremely funny. Overall, dialogue is not the main drive behind all comedic forms, as seen in silent films, but it is still important to modern comedy in its ability to make ordinary things funny. The next important factor of a successful comedy is the pacing. Fast pacing is the only successful way of making a comedy; the audience must always have something to generate a laugh. Audiences are fickle, and making them wait for something to happen will only cause them to lose interest. The pace must be fast enough to keep people interested, but it must also be at a pace where the audience can keep up with the action. A comedy will not be funny if the next joke starts before the audience even laughs at the last one. A great comedy must find just the right balance that will not lose the audience to boredom, or in a rush. Give the audience enough time to laugh, but don’t let them stop laughing. Another critical factor in generating a successful comedy is in the use of montage. Cutting shots between different angles helps to keep the audience interested by adding fresh perspective, the film must always be moving, and so must the camera. This is used in addition to close-ups and establishment shots during important sequences. A very effective method of doing this is switching shots between characters during important comedic sequences. An example of this would be a main character meant to be funny talking to one of the stagnant characters, anti-comic relief, and showing their lack of reaction to something funny done by the main character. Another method is changing the camera angles while a character has difficulty performing a task. A character struggling to carry a box through a door is funny, but gets old unless you constantly montage in order to keep the scene fresh, adding to the pace. Montage is an important factor in successful comedy because a joke needs to stay fresh in order to be funny, as does a comedy. The casting in a film is of the utmost importance, as not all people are funny in the same situations. Actors all have certain comedic roles, which they best fit into. A serious looking actor with a stern voice would not make a good goofball character. If that same actor is placed into the role of a gangster with the attitude of a child, he becomes a great comic figure. Casting is of the utmost importance as actors must fit their roles, while they have more range in comedy, they still must be believable to some degree. This can be seen by the great number of comedies where people walk out saying; it would have been funny or funnier with someone else. Casting must be done carefully in order also insure that the characters play well against each other. While a grown man acting like a child is funny at times, it becomes extremely effective when there is another character provoking them to behave that way. In the end, casting determines how the audience will react to the story, and whether jokes will be funny when coming from the selected cast. In the end all of these things tie in to make a comedic film funny. If the techniques are used properly you will create a high energy comedy that will keep the audience entertained. True classics have everything that a comedy could need, great dialogue, fast pacing, montage, and great casting. When these techniques are used together properly, a comedy cannot fail. The basic goal of a comedy is to stay fresh, and by utilizing these techniques, even the most played out scenario can become funny all over again. Comedy has made us laugh for nearly a century, and it will continue to so long as it is kept new, fresh, and exciting. How to cite Techniques of Comedy, Essay examples

The Evidence For Age And Gender

Question: Discuss about the Evidence For Age And Gender. Answer: Introduction: Diversity is inclusive of difference that states people of different range and having terms in respect to ethnicity, race, disabilities, background, religion, gender, ideologies, political beliefs and sexual orientation. It is most important element for global business as even the customers, workforce and market are diverse in nature. In todays world variations and culture are numerous in terms of customs, practices, rituals, habits etc. That exists in the world (davis, frolova and callahan, 2016). An individual easily notices different manifestations and colors in a group or society. In this context, one of the major issues being age and gender that is affecting the work performance in some situations prevalent. These issues have to be resolved by accessing, value and analyzing the differences in work as in 21st century workplaces takes pride being gender neutral for its workforce. In this globalised world businesses need be aware culturally and diversely by incorporating strategies by exploiting them to the fullest for the advantage. In present workplace the employees are provided information through social media such as twitter, facebook etc. As with generations different ideas, values, communicating and working smartly is the goal (mack, 2010). The four generation that is present in workplace is traditionalists, baby boomers, generation x and millennias. Traditionalist staffs were present at the time of wwii by adhering to principles and sticking to authority, quality and respect. They were lacking in skills and techniques to work, were hard worker, implements rules, money conservative, physical labor and are logical based representing 6.5% of workforce. Second being baby boomer between the time periods 1946-1964 by working through sacrifice mode. This helped them in being loyal to colleagues and employers that constitutes of 41% of workforce. They work in teams, workaholics, learning on the go, optimistic and working for wellness and health. The generation x is from 1965-1980 periods stated as the first generation growing with computer technology (joshi, dencker and franz, 2011). They work on being productive with 29.5% of workforce by having work flexibility, technology savvy, casual approach, working by having fun etc. The last being generation y or millennials by working through multi-tasking, leveraging between technologies and opting balanced working lifestyle. 22.5% is this by being diverse, sociable, political, confident, diverse, setting goals and working etc. As said by amaram, (2011) when a business or owner becomes complacent in nature he thinks at the first look that it is too hard difficult to form policies regarding diversity, cultural competency and hard for negotiating for flexible working conditions. This is making the employers close ended in terms of promotion or recruitment in certain decisions by excluding some people. As discussed by peterson and thea (2006) the different measures that is related to discrimination and gender biasness are discrimination against compensation package, favoritism in job promotion, recruitment discrimination and setting wage difference in workplace. As per magee, (2014) the reason that is governed by intersection of age and gender is the promotion rate, difference in gender and break timings during employment. As per the international scenario it can be perceived that in north america women and their work are different in terms of job evaluations than men. This is due to the fact that men are considered as resource than women. As said by dyke and murphy, (2006) who interviewed people who are successful estimated that men are making more explicit comments than women that involve material orientation. The difference in interview answer in both men and women varies as men tend to be towards material success and women feel for themselves and their group. In men the emphasis is more up on extrinsic rewards but, in women it is on intrinsic as men feel proud in performing it effectively. According to huges et al., (2003) studies have confirmed that in the process of job evaluation women focus on the aspects of social relations that involves appraisals, coworker and cooperation. As opined by frieze et al., (2006) a study conducted by managers found out that women rank high in terms of personal priority than men as this desire is linked with intrinsic motivation that is salient in women rather than men. The workplace market is divided into vertical and horizontal workforce linked to both male and female biasness in terms of wages and unfair distribution to both gender. As per kelan, (2009) this gender quake is affecting relations and engagement in both genders drastically. The framework for gender discrimination and productivity is explained below with the diagram: [source: abbas, hameed and waheed, 2011] The above depicts the fact that gender discrimination is happening in three elements- promotion, hiring and providing facilities and goods. This is all linked to employee productivity as each one has its own place in workplace. Each term is crucial for management to perform well so that employees act as asset not as tool. Thus, gender biasness can be concluded that participation of women in workplace is crucial as it leads to creativity and innovation due to amalgamation of backgrounds, skills and perspectives in both genders (garg and punia, 2015). With rising age the productivity gets hampered in terms of organization change this is also affecting individual productivity. The changes taking is involved in age diversity affects the firm performance depending up on the nature of the task performed in the business. This change is coming in workplace with the process of ageing as the employee is not able to perform effectively. In australia age discrimination is the biggest issue that the employers are facing but, are not ready to admit. A survey conducted by hays, (2014) estimated that one in 10 bosses wont hire employees who are beyond 50 years of age. This survey conducted reveals that old workers are being treated as redundant by the employers in australia. Third business leaders refers that old workers are not comfortable for reminding them their work by the younger people and at times forget what they have to perform. This affects productivity in workplace as time is being consumed in the process and one in 5 is not ready to recruit old people in job (hays, 2014). Another survey conducted in berlin by the max planck institute for human development gave between the age of 65 to 80 and 20 to 31 to perform tasks in respect to episodic and working memory and perpetual test. The outcome was old people were more effective and reliable by stating the result as motivated, stable mood and routine is balanced. According to australian bureau of statistics people aged between 55 and 64 years are not being employed for long-term as in contrast with people age between 35-44 years i.e. 22% and 13% for 15-24 years old (hays, 2014). The unconscious bias occurs when the individual is unaware about the world that is fostered by various factors such as family, community and culture. According to neill, (2015) in case of workplace it affects the whole hr process starting from job advertisements, conducting interview, selection and acquisition of talent by retaining it efficiently. The other factors are age, hair color, disability, height, personality etc. That affects the workforce widely. As per neill, (2015) when a business continues to employ same kind of staffs in organization the range is limited to knowledge, skills, opportunities and idea sharing. In other way the productivity is hampered as not having diverse workforce means not providing effective service to consumers or producing in large quantities. From the above discussion it can be concluded that workplace diversity is the biggest challenge that fosters opportunity in business. The strategic use of human resources is done by valuing the workforce diversity and attaining the advantage and disadvantage for managing it effectively. In this globalization era no workplace could survive without diverse workforce but, its benefits can be seen in long-term. References Abbas, d., hameed, a. And waheed, a. (2011). Gender discrimination its effect on employee performance/productivity. International journal of humanities and social science, [online] 1(15). Available at: https://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/vol_1_no_15_special_issue_october_2011/20.pdf [accessed 23 aug. 2016]. Amaram, d. (2011). Cultural diversity: implications for workplace management. Jdm, 2(4), p.1. 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